The Rebuplic of Egypt is situated in the North-East of Africa, within the Sahara desert. It is bathed by the waters of the Mediterranean sea in the North, it borders on Sudan in the South, on Libya in the West and on Israel in the East, the Aqabe Golf and the Red Sea.

Owing to its geographic position Egypt has always been at the crossroads of the world commerce. The area of Egypt is about 1 million square metres. 90% of the total area is occupied by the infertile desert. The western sand dunes of the desert are separated form the eastern  mountainous ones by the Nile River.  The two deserts, the Nile Valley  and the Sinai peninsula form the four great parts of Egypt.

 

Situation: The North of Africa, bathed by the Mediterranean sea, bordering on Libya and the Gaza Strip.

Geographical values : 27 00 N, 30 00 E

Area: 1.001.450 km²

Population : 65.2 million of residents (2001)

Surface frontiers: 2.689 km with: the Gaza  Strip11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1.150 km, Sudan 1.273 km

Coast stripe: 2.450 km

Capital: Cairo

The state language (nowadays): Arab

  

The principal river : the Nile River divides Egypt into two parts from the North to the South within 6671 km, is one of the longest rivers in the world.

 Deserts: Libyan, Nubian, and Oriental. They proved to be natural obstacles protecting the country from the invasions of the neighboring countries.

Climat: very dry; there’s  almost no regular rainfalls.  The people depend on the annual (in the summer) floods of the Nile River.  The flood lasts from June till October. The civilization of Egypt could not possibly exist without the Nile River.

Soil : the vast area of desert, the Nile valley, the Delta.

Altitude: the lowest point: Depression -133 m in Qattara

The highest point: the Sinaï - St Catherine 2.629 m

Natural resources:oil, natural gaz, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, chalk-stone, gypsum, talcum, asbestos, yarn, zinc

Soil cultivation:

Soil arable: 2%

Harvest: 0%

Pasurage: 0%

Forests and woodlands: 0%

other: 98%

Irrigated area: 32.460 km² (estimation of 1993.)

Natural cataclysms : periodical droughts, frequent earthquakes,  instantaneous floods, landslides, volcanic activity, sandstorms (desert) regular and frequent.