Every Egyptian work of art was
created in accordance with certain pictural rules,
called Frontalism. The heads and the feet are always
depicted in profile, while the body – en face. A
stylized eye is typical of the Egyptian Art. The
legs usually follow the head axis so that they are
perpendicular to the body. The angle between the
backgound and the personages suggests the figurine
take a formal, stiff, solemn positions, the faces
should be calm and serene, and very often turned
towards the source of light (usually the sky or the
sun) or knowledge. The rules differed for the
figurine was the main personage (as well as at the
ritual works), the other persons or the animals.
At
this particular picture we could notice the
difference between the body of a Pharaoh, depicted
in a very stylized manner, symbol of the material
life and the manner of portraying of the ornaments,
symbolizing spiritual values. He is holding the two
symbols of the united Egypt – the high Egypt and the
low Egypt in his right hand, and in his left hand –
the cross of Ank, the symbol of life, of
reconciliation of the sky (the cercle) and the earth
(the crossing of verticality and horizontality).
It’s evident that his left hand is parallel to the
axis top-bottom, i.e. sky-earth, while the right
hand forms an angle, his hand over his heart (a
prompt to understand).
The
principal personage at this picture is obviously too
big
compared
to the other personages of the scene, he’s a
representative of the nobility for he is depicted in
accordance to the rules described above (face is
portrayed in profile, shoulders – en face, feet are
on the same axis as the head, uphold position of the
body, dark colours, used as a rule to depict men);
his wife is near him, but she’s smaller (masculine
domination) – it corresponds to the same rule of
uprightness. The servants are portrayed in the same
manner as the nobility, the animals are depicted in
the usual way. Whereas the personages are stylized
and simplified. The depiction of the animals (birds
and fishes) are detailed enough to define the
species.
And
the last example, illustrating the difference of
depicting of a noble woman (face is portrayed in
profile, shoulders – en face, uphold position of the
body) and the servant, represented in the usual way,
bearing some womanly curves.